SWOT/PEST (LE) Analysis on Cadburys PLC

Introduction Cadbury is the brand of a reputable confectionary company with a diverse assortment of chocolates, gum and candy. The company’s kernel stretches back to 1824 when the company’s pioneer, John Cadbury opened a chocolate shop in Birmingham (Watson 6). Currently, the company is dominant in the chocolate business and boasts an extended global presence and influence. On May 7, 2008, the American beverage businesses sector and the confectionary sector completed their separation and Cadbury became Cadbury PLC.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on SWOT/PEST (LE) Analysis on Cadburys PLC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More SWOT Analysis Of Cadbury Plc SWOT analysis is a calculative strategic technique used in organizational planning to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a business project or the business as a whole. SWOT analysis entails the identification of targ ets of a project or a business venture. Once identified, the process in achieving the targets is examined together with the interior and peripheral influences that affect the process leading to favorable or unfavorable achievement of the target. In analyzing Cadbury PLC, it is imperative to study the organization’s performance against a similar scale to that of the competition (Leikin 3). The competitors in this case are other confectionary companies like Nestle which have over the years challenged Cadbury PLC. Strengths Of Cadbury Plc The first strength Cadbury PLC has is the advantage of numbers considering the organization has business units all over the world. The units are present in Britain, Ireland, Middle East, Africa, north and South America, Europe, Asia and the pacific (King 1). All the units have commercial inclinations as their principle driving force, but the units also do have supply chain and science and technology functions. The interior organization of Cadbu ry PLC creates room for four corporate functions in all the units. The functions are human resource corporate affairs, strategy, information technology, legal and secretariat. This kind of functional structure allows for the business units to focus on commercial programs while aiming at internal growth (Leikin 1). Cadbury PLC also has the advantage of having internationally well known and respected brand names. The goodwill of the brands generates approximately 50% of the organization’s revenue and this implies that the brand bears higher profitability than the confectionary collection. Weaknesses Of Cadbury Plc One of the organization’s unyielding weaknesses is the reliance on confectionary market for profitability. Other companies with a similar target market to that of Cadbury PLC for instance Nestle have more diverse products including but not limited to confectionary products, baby foods, and cereals among others (Leikin 1). Cadbury has also been mainly Europe ba sed for a long time and only recently diversified into massive consumer markets like America. In comparison, other confectionary companies of Cadbury PLC’s caliber have diversified their target markets and can be found in almost all major international consumer markets hence gaining leverage over Cadbury (Rosenfeld 9).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Opportunities The confectionary market is the fastest growing packed food market with a 5% p.a growth rate meaning Cadbury still has various unexploited markets like China, India and Russia where consumer wealth is increasing directly proportional to the population(Miller 16). There is also increased demand of confectionary products in such growing markets. The confectionary industry has over the recent years witnessed several successful mergers and acquisitions. Targeted acquisition will increase the market share and pr oduct diversification. There is an increased demand for healthier low calories snacks which could lead to new products for instance organic snacks, sugar free snacks or low fat confectionary products crating room for innovation (Miller 1). Threats There is a rising occurrence of obesity in both adults and children which has led to increased weight watching and need for healthy foods and lifestyle. The social changes in nutrition and lifestyle have definitely affected the demand of Cadbury products (Watson 1). Aggressive competition from other confectionary organizations in developed markets has led to possible price wars between the companies (Leikin 1). The global demand for cost reductions in environment, transport, energy and supply has threatened to incapacitate the operational structure of Cadbury PLC (Rosenfeld 4). Pest(le) Analysis Of Cadbury Plc In The U.K PEST (LE) analysis is the strategic analysis of the comprehensive peripheral conditions surrounding a business operation . Such conditions are normally above the control or influence of the business, but bear pivotal influence on the outcome of product development, business planning and strategy. They include: Political Conditions A number of MPs fear jobs will be lost if Cadbury shareholders accept an 11.5 billon pound offer from Kraft foods in a take over bid. Cadbury currently employ 2,500 individuals at its factory at Bourneville in Birmingham and a further 1200 in Herefordshire (King 11). The MPs further view the take over by Kraft as a threat to the creativity of Cadbury employees and innovation of the West Midlands. The MPs are not happy with the fact that Kraft has its base in Illinois meaning decisions will be made based on factors in Illinois not West Midlands (Rosenfeld 9). Such political interferences are likely to influence the public and elicit angry reactions from both the employees and members of the public (Watson 6). However, The Competition Act of 2000 stops interference by the gove rnment on the basis of public interest in cases such as this (Watson 3).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on SWOT/PEST (LE) Analysis on Cadburys PLC specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Economic Conditions Current economic conditions in the U.K are rife for successful operation of the confectionary industry. The global economic downturn is reversing and many companies are now able to secure resources and support production (Rosenfeld 5). Cadbury PLC was not that stable economically during the global recession and had to bid its shares in the international market. Kraft foods, a U.S based company proposed to take over Cadbury and offered a relatively high bid for it. Hence, even though the current economic conditions are stable, the preceding economic conditions were detrimental to Cadbury leading to massive debt eventually leading to the take over bid/ merger (Miller 16). Social Conditions There has been an exponential growth in the occurrences of obesity cases in the U.K as well as obesity related illnesses both in children and adults. Health and fitness experts in the U.K are warning that if society does not change their eating habits by the year 2025, one in three deaths will be weight related (Miller 8). Such observations have stirred sharp adjustments in the eating habits and lifestyles of the general public. Confectionary products are considered high in calories and the social attitude towards such products is changing meaning the public is more interested in organic foods and confectionaries are now being considered attributes to obesity. TechnologyAdvertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cadbury PLC considers technological advancement as one of the key pillars of the company’s success through out the years. The company has a graduate program that is supported by technical training and the aim of the program is to encourage innovation (King 15). The company has realized several new production and processing methods through this program, like the candy churner and the chocolate whip which are advanced inventions for higher and faster production (Miller 5). Cadbury still falls behind the competition as far as diversification is concerned because they lack cereal making machines as wells as baby food technology (Miller 10). Conclusion Cadbury Plc has been a stable and successful confectionary company since its establishment in the mid nineteenth century. A SWOT analysis of the company has helped identify some of the strong points Cadbury Plc capitalized on to perpetuate global expansion. A potent weakness has also been revealed and that is the late entry into the American market, one of the largest consumer markets in the world. The PESTLE analysis examines the performance Cadbury Plc in the U.K relative to its environment. The recent merger which has come to be known as a hostile take over by the U.S based Kraft foods generated a lot of controversy. However, it is clear from the analysis that Cadbury Plc was undergoing tough economic conditions and Kraft’s intervention was timely though the operation strategies of the two companies differ greatly. Works Cited King, Leo. Kraft to slash  £430m costs a year with Cadbury integration. June 2010. 17 Feb 2010, from: https://www.computerworlduk.com/it-vendors/kraft-to-slash-430m-costs-a-year-with-cadbury-integration-18868/2/ Leikin, Peter. â€Å"Kraft’s Bid to Buy Cadbury Means It’s Time We Stopped Selling Off U.K Plc†. May 2009.   Web. Miller, Hudson. Kraft Foods Bites Back and Questions Cadbury’s Long Term Targets. Jan 2009. 17 Feb 2010 from: https://www.pr oactiveinvestors.co.uk/ Rosenfeld, Irene. Kraft Foods Inc. (‘Kraft Foods’) Statement Regarding Cadbury Plc (‘Cadbury’) and Us Competition Clearance. Sept 2009. Web. Watson, Nick. â€Å"Cadbury, Kraft and the politics of making chocolate.† Dec 2010. 17 Feb 2010 from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/politics_show/regions/west_midlands/8468458.stm This report on SWOT/PEST (LE) Analysis on Cadburys PLC was written and submitted by user Eliseo Mcgowan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Profession of Arms essays

The Profession of Arms essays My fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. 1 The Army is a profession of arms that has instilled this famous quote and sacrificed blood, sweat, and their lives to protect the freedoms of the United States of America. Men and woman of this great nation are shaped into professional warriors trained and entrusted to support and defend the Constitution. The white paper describes a professional as one who develops expertise over time through extensive institutional training, knowledge, and expanding practices.2 The US Army is a profession in the sense that its members proficiently protect, serve, and defend the people, our domain, and uphold the traditions and values of the Army well beyond war. The Armys soldiers experience professional development through institutional training, organizational experience, and personal growth but most importantly through leaders with expert knowledge and ethical behaviors. The Army and the individuals in it are what make up the profession of arms. The Army and its interconnected units defend the Constitution and our citizens through skilled lethal use of weaponry and civil and combat operations. Organizational units prosper upon solidarity and esprit de corps; without that the Army may not be as effective, rendering constitutional protection an intricate task. Army leaders and soldiers alike develop their own types of experiences and knowledge in skill sets they embrace. Once combined, experience and knowledge create a professional force that has proven to outlast the strongest enemy. The white paper did stress the effects that a decade of war had on our professional force and leaderships desire to recommit to a culture of service, responsibilities and behaviors of our profession to restore our professional state to 100%. To the highest level, leaders today must comprehend that their efficiency relies on their capability ...

How Much Air Force One Cost

How Much Air Force One Cost Air Force One, the aircraft that transports the president of the United States, cost  about $2 billion to build and more than $200,000 to fly, according to federal spending records and published reports. Taxpayers pay for some or all of the Air Force One cost regardless of whether the presidents airplane is used for official trips or unofficial, political purposes. The two newest Air Force One airplanes, both models  747-8, are being outfitted by Boeing at a combined cost of about $3.9 billion and were to take flight in 2021. The White House determines whether use of Air Force One is for official or political purposes. Many times the Boeing 747 is used for a combination of events. Specific Air Force One Costs The $200,000-plus hourly Air Force One cost covers everything from fuel, maintenance, engineering support, food and lodging for the pilots and crew and other operational costs that include the use of special communications equipment. In addition to the hourly cost of Air Force One, taxpayers cover salaries for Secret Service staff and other assistants who travel with the president. Occasionally, when there are more than 75 people traveling with the president, the federal government will use a second passenger airplane to accommodate them. What is an Official Trip? Perhaps the most common example of official Air Force One use by the president is traveling across the United States to explain and win support for his administrations policies. Another is traveling overseas on official state business to meet with foreign leaders, such as President Barack Obamas 2010 trip on Air Force One to India. When a president travels on official business, taxpayers cover all Air Force One costs including food, lodging and car rentals, according to the Congressional Research Service. During official trips taxpayers also cover the cost of travel for the presidents immediate family and staff. What is a Political Trip? The most common example of a political trip on Air Force One is when the president travels to a destination in his role not as commander-in-chief but as de facto leader of his political party. Such travel would be to attend fundraisers, campaign rallies or party events. On the campaign trail, Obama and other presidential nominees have also gotten to use armored buses that cost more than $1 million each. When Air Force One is used for political purposes, the president often reimburses the government for the cost of food, lodging and travel. The president or his election campaign pays back an amount that is equivalent of the airfare that they would have paid had they used a commercial airline, according to the Congressional Research Service. According to The Associated Press, though, the president or his campaign does not pay for the entire Air Force One operation cost. They pays an amount that is based on the number of people board the airplane. Taxpayers still pick up the cost of Secret Service agents and the operation of Air Force One. Political and Officials Trips The a president and his family and staff travel on Air Force One for a combination of political and officials purposes, they typically reimburse taxpayers for the part of the trip that is considered campaigning. For example, if half of the presidents trip is spent raising money for his or another officials election, he or his campaign will reimburse taxpayers for half the cost of his travel, food and lodging. There are gray areas, of course. When they travel and appear in public to defend their policy positions, the difference between their official duties and their activities as leaders of their political party can be difficult to assess, the Congressional Research Service state. As a result, the White House decides the nature of travel on a case-by-case basis, attempting to determine whether each trip, or part of a trip, is or is not official by considering the nature of the event involved, and the role of the individual involved.

Can computer technology improve the lives of people in the developing Essay

Can computer technology improve the lives of people in the developing world - Essay Example In a developing country, usually the infrastructure is not very strong and people find it difficult to travel from one place to another. This usually creates the urban-rural divide and people in the rural areas are often unable to receive better facilities. With the use of computer technology and internet, the patients in the rural areas can consult the doctors in the cities via video conferencing. In some cases, the doctors can even assist in surgeries at rural locations via video conferencing. This video conferencing could also help the doctors in developing countries to connect to doctors in developed countries and seek their advice and support. In developing countries, the internet becomes a powerful means of communication, especially amongst the youth. It serves to connect the youth together. Through this internet, governments and health agencies can disseminate important information related to health to the young population. This includes information on HIV or several other diseases. This can help in making the people more aware and preventing the spread of these diseases. Normally, developing countries usually face lots of disasters, either manmade or natural. This includes earthquakes, wars and other such calamities. There is lots of damage to life and the victims of these disasters are often in need of blood. Computer technology can enable the government or independent organizations to develop a database of blood donors, and in case of an emergency, these people can instantly be contacted. This will definitely help in saving plenty of lives. Lieberman, D. (n.d.). The Computers Potential Role in Health Education . Retrieved December 15, 2009, from Informaworld:

Managing customer value Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing customer value - Essay Example The company started its operations back in 1882 as a small tea shop in Dresden (Windsor, 2009). Teekanne has an outstanding performance in the European market and it has recently entered into the U.S. market. Actually, the U.S. market is going through a shift in food trends from junky food to healthier food. Teekanne has found it as the best opportunity to expand into the U.S. market. Although company has been able to generate a huge demand in the U.S. market for its herbal tea, still, the huge difference between the European and American consumers, create huge marketing challenges for the company. In consideration to the marketing challenges which Teekanne could face in the U.S. market, this company has been selected. Teekanne herbal teas are different from most of the other herbal teas brands because Teekanne teas are manufactured from 100 percent natural brands. The teas are specifically targeting the health conscious people by offering them no-additive sugars, artificial additives or preservatives and to match their healthy lifestyle (Teekanne). The primary features of the product include healthy body and mind and various natural and herbal flavors. Teekanne herbal tea provides both the flavor choices and functionality like energy and relaxation to mind and body. The following figure describes the product classification of different herbal teas of the company. These teas differ both in terms of their flavors and functionality. Nowadays, consumers ask for the taste of the product along with its functional performance, therefore, the combination of flavor and functionality of Teekanne herbal tea has made it popular among the Europeans. However, the company cannot use the same market strategies i n the United States market because of huge differences in what consumers think and how they behave. Strategy, as defined by Doyle, is the set of decisions which management take when it comes to allocate

Chaucers Prologue To The Canterbury Tales Essay Example for Free

Chaucers Prologue To The Canterbury Tales Essay Dave Tagatac English III Dec. 1, 2000 Canterbury Tales Essay #1 In Geoffrey Chaucers Prologue to The Canterbury Tales, there was a Friar to accompany the party traveling to Canterbury. Hubert, as he was called, embodied the traits from which friars were expected to keep their distance. Chaucer is successful in using this white-necked beggar to bring to the readers mind corruption, wealth, greed, and lechery, all hypocritical and immoral characteristics for a man of the church to possess. Although he is a merry man, full of joy and wantonness, these are mere irrelevancies when assessing Huberts value of character as a friar. Throughout Chaucers description of the Friar in the Prologue, Huberts corruption is evident. Probably the Friars greatest evil is suggested early in his description and mentioned several times more. When Hubert would marry a couple, he would give each Of his young women what he could afford her. The sexual connotation of this statement is enforced by the fact that He kept his tippet stuffed with pins for curls, / And pocket-knives, to give to pretty girls. Other evidence of corruption, although not as reprehensible as the defiance of celibacy, includes Huberts failure to befriend the lepers, beggars, and that crew, to whom friars were intended to be nearest. The narrator explains that their lack of money makes their friendship simply a waste of the Friars time. A friar is supposed to be poor, only taking what they need to survive, and giving the rest to those impoverished souls who need it. Hubert, on the other hand, was quite wealthy. I have never known the imbibing of alcohol to be a necessity of life, and yet this friar knew the taverns very well in every town / And every innkeeper and barmaid too. The narrator even states outright that his income came / To more than he laid out. Yet another extraneous possession for a friar was the extravagant dress Hubert wore, as contrasted with the rags friars were expected to don. All of these things demonstrate how the Friar, even when obtaining more than he expected, gave very little to the poor, and kept much for himself. This feeling is continued even augmented upon examination of Huberts greed. Highly beloved and intimate was he / With Country folk within his boundary. As mentioned above, he associated not with the poor, But only with the rich and victual-sellers. Anyone from whom a profit was possible was inherently the Friars friend. This greed is indisputable in light of a final piece of evidence. That is that Hubert would actually pay other friars not to beg in his district. Again, these are actions to be frowned upon in any man, let alone a religiously affiliated one. Finally, Hubert can be shown to be a leach, hanging around those from whom he can get money, and depending on them to support his opulent lifestyle. Although he had no permission to hear confession, this was one way for him to make money, and he did not hesitate to utilize it. He even targeted those who werent so wealthy in a never-ending quest for monetary gain: though a widow mightnt have a shoe / Â ¦ / He got her farthing from her just the same. When people of his district had a dispute, the lecherous Friar was there. Hubert could be found taking advantage of any opportunity he could find to make money honestly, or dishonestly. The Friar was well liked, and had a wonderful singing voice, but his contributions to society ended here. He, through his actions, has shown evidence of corruption, immoral opulence, greed to increase this wealth, and a terrible habit of leaching off others. He was considered a man of the church, but he was far from the piety the title friar conveys.

sleeping poll :: essays research papers

Many people have a hard time sleep sleeping, about two in five surveyed in this article are sleepy during the day that it causes them to nod off or interferes with work and activities during that day. Julia Sommerfeld, who wrote the article, "Poll paints portrait of a sleepy nation." Shows how if people got a little more sleep, it can stop a lot of little mistake that happen in everyday life. From getting impatient with the kids, overeating, and making mistakes at the work. These are all probably people have from not getting enough rest at night. The survey illustrates how being sleepy during the day it interferes with their activities during the day at least a couple of times a month. Sommerfeld explains about an additionally 58 percent report a few symptoms of insomnia. This is having problems falling asleep, waking up during the night , waking up too early and not being able to get back to sleep and unrefreshed when you are waking up. Because of these problems are reaching for sleeping pills or thing to help you sleep. So to improve a person activites during the day you will need sleep to improve your life and the life around you. Many people have a hard time sleep sleeping, about two in five surveyed in this article are sleepy during the day that it causes them to nod off or interferes with work and activities during that day. Julia Sommerfeld, who wrote the article, "Poll paints portrait of a sleepy nation." Shows how if people got a little more sleep, it can stop a lot of little mistake that happen in everyday life. From getting impatient with the kids, overeating, and making mistakes at the work. These are all probably people have from not getting enough rest at night. The survey illustrates how being sleepy during the day it interferes with their activities during the day at least a couple of times a month.

Literary Devices Employed By Shakespeare In The Play Macbeth

Literary devices employed by Shakespeare in Macbeth’s words in Act 4 Scene 1 of the play Macbeth Symbolism: the apparitions’ appearances each symbolise something, the first, a bloody head in a helmet, symbolises Macbeth and his inevitable death. The second, a bloody child, symbolises Macduff, who had been â€Å"untimely ripp’d† (born of a C-section), and the third, a child with a crown and a tree. The crowned child symbolises Banquo’s progeny that will come to rule after Banquo.Metaphor: metaphors are used throughout the apparitions’ speeches, the apparitions themselves are metaphors. They symbolise things that tie in with each prophecy.Parallel: there are parallels between the witches’ speech and Macbeth’s, Shakespeare uses this to show how Macbeth is becoming more and more evil, he is becoming like the witches.Irony: Shakespeare uses dramatic irony in what the apparitions symbolise and prophesise; where Macbeth accepts what th e apparitions tell him literally, the audience knows that what is said has deeper meaning. Another instance of irony is when Macbeth says â€Å"and damn’d all those that trust them (the witches)† (line 138). Macbeth is cursing the people who trust witches, yet he trusts them.Imagery (lines 49 – 60): Shakespeare uses Macbeth’s lines to describe the usual risks and effects of witchcraft in exact detail, allowing the audience to build an impressive image of destruction and confusion. He does this to emphasise the effects of dealing with witches and what happens when the great chain is disrupted.Paradox: the apparitions tell Macbeth to not fear any man born of a woman, which Macbeth takes to mean as that he cannot be killed because every man must be born of a woman. He didn’t think that Macduff could harm him because he was born of a woman, but Macduff was not â€Å"born†, he was â€Å"untimely ripp’d† (born of a C-section).

Effects of religion on children positive or negative?

The David Family Case Family Theory: In my reading about the structural model I recalled Munich because like myself his first concern was problem focused within the context of the family structure (Goldenberg 2000). â€Å"‘ have always felt that if a child is having constant escalating behaviors of tantrums after the age of four there has to be a problem within the family structure. And so in hearing from therapist of who would many times in the past visit only with children and not the parents of families.This would really sound an alarm with me but since I lacked the understanding in the mental field I would asked the question of their knowledge in child development and the family as the root of guiding a child's first developmental years. I also remember reading about Munchies work and his vast array of experiences for example; Munich his practiced in pediatrics, his time volunteered in the army as a Doctor during Israel's war in 1948, he was a child psychiatrist in the Uni ted States working with families in poverty and those who had multiple problems, disconnected structures and displaced children from the Holocaust.His heart to volunteer and research these problematic issues revealed to me his passion and heart for the family as a unit. In my personal experience as an Early Childhood Specialist working with families with children of trauma I often found myself being approached by clinicians who were working with young children yet lacked to understand the details of the early developmental domains. I wondered if they understood temperament, parenting styles or the developmental milestones like, social/emotional patterns, independence, problem solving or attachment and bonding.Clinicians would see toddlers displaying very angry levels of behavior not recognizing they were frustrated simply because they were delayed in their speech, disengaged with their parents, or in a reign land that developed psychological stresses. So as I reviewed the David case I first observed that the structural of the family system; that being, mom, dad and children who had been interrupted by time the hierarchy currently being the grandparents, and the parental roles. This was the root in the context of this families transaction patterns that needed to be changed according to Munchies major thesis of the structural model (peg. 94). This theory looks into the relationships, the organization of the family structure having to due with family roles, rules within this system, boundaries' and wholeness. It also emphasizes on the wholeness of the family system, the influence the family hierarchical organization and the interdependent functioning of its subsystem's for the wellbeing if each individual that consist of the whole family system. In this theory enmeshment is common and the family system is functioning at a dysfunctional level for the lack of boundaries, for inhibiting individual autonomy, and for disruptions in the parental subsystem.This theory r eminds me of a sports; for example, baseball in expressing my complete understanding of this theory I will relate it to this sport. In the game of baseball it does consist of organization of each individuals place in order to function successfully as a whole team. The pitcher and the catcher are like the parents in the family. If they lack to understand their roles and that of their team-members then the whole game will be disorganized and interrupted by a loss and results in very angry, frustrated and confused emotions. What to do? What interventions will the coach implement?In my case what will I implement according to my chosen theory? Alignment, Power, and Coalitions: The David family came to therapy due to their enmeshed family. The parents were having problems in their relationships with their seven and eight year old children who were throwing full blown tantrums consistently, some examples of this manifestation where the children hitting their heads on the walls or vomiting also not listening to their parents instructions and expressing anger at their parents by physically kicking them during these escalating behaviors.As Munich puts it,† this alternated the patterns in the Davit's family structure they went without consideration which caused deviation from any established family rules such as; mandarins', a lack hierarchy, the interdependent functioning, and the wholeness of the family system (Goldenberg 2000). † The results became the resistance of the children making a healthy family connection with their parents. This is how my back- round training in child development will aid me as a future clinician.If the child lacks to build a trusting and secure relationships with their parents becoming that secure base in order for the child to become a healthy separated individual then a sense of loss and fear will result therefore displaying itself as in the Davit's hillside's case. As a therapist I would first look into the family strengths, i n this case the David family taking the step to seek out therapy without it being forced upon them due to an outside report such as D. S. S. I would praise them for taking the first step then observe the spousal, parental and siblings subsystems in this family.In observing this at the first session I could recognize that as the mother expressed her emotions the children and father displayed empathy as they all tried to comfort the mother. The father stepped in and gave instructions to the children who followed wrought it revealed that they did have some understanding for father's hierarchy in this role. This was a psychosomatic family that was enmeshed yet their quick response to comfort the mother here also revealed that they were not disengaged. That showed me that they would be willing to negotiate differences.Within this family it was clear that alignments were off and needed to be put back together by joining its forces by positive activities that engaged in quality time spent. It was the long parental working hours in the Davit's family that disrupted the emotional and psychological connections that members should make with one another. This was the power that was displaced here and instead because of the work demand was given over to the grandparents which caused stressed in the children producing escalating behaviors towards parents.In my understanding the grandparents where the third party alliances between the parent and children which Munich refers to as the coalitions. The grandparents became the dominant part of this family that detoured the power from the parents as the children cried out for their grandparents rather than parents during a place that seemed foreign to them. This resulted in conflicts that placed added stressed on the family systems. Intervention: The David family needs to be realigned, new boundaries' must be set in place and reframing must be worked into this family system.I will use the vignette as an example therapy session an d how I would guide it using Munchies structural therapy. Children are anxious and wondering the office asking to go home crying for their grandparents, they seek each other for comfort rather than parents, parents become embarrassed. Children engage with therapist asking to play with toys, mother becomes emotional children and husband respond. I would greet all by name shaking each individual's hands and then ask mom and dad what they would eke to play with their children today.Knowing that the children are engaging with me as their therapist and interested in my toys this would be used as my intervention tools in order to have the family enact a typical family conflict. Upon children calling out crying for their grandparents I would first validate their state of disconnectedness from grandparents yet redirect them by saying, † look today mommy and daddy wants your time to play with them and they want to play with some of my toys. Children cry say no and began hugging each ot her rather than parents I would then start to realign the family roles by guiding children towards arenas for comfort rather than depending on each other when parents are available. I would do this by having kneel at children's level asking them for permission to comfort them. As mother becomes anxious and emotional and father instructs children to leave mommy alone upon them trying to comfort her, I would intervene by saying to children, â€Å"k well mommy and daddy need some time while you both decide on a game to play with them but then Daddy would love for you both to help comfort your mommy. This will model time and respect given to the hierarchy of the family that being mom and dad yet allow children time for individual mime for choice and space. This would also allow parents to see the importance of setting proper structure, roles, and respectful boundaries' in place. My hope would be to have the family engage in its normal family conflicts. I would do this by either playing a game relating to the last conflict such as the children not wanting to go to bed or take a bath.My session would go something like this. â€Å"Children play a game of wants, dodos and don't, I would ask each individual to tell me what you want to today, what you will do today and what you don't you want to do today? This would e done for each family member (with specific instructions in the beginning that whatever don't want to be done everyone must laugh at the end for them, then try doing those don't by adding something fun. In this case you don't want to take a bath but how can you make it fun? The past tantrums could be realigned by making boundaries' fun thereby inventing new boundaries' and replacing them with parental time with children that will help airframe the family structure. The past rules in the David family consisted of the grandparents filling in the place of parents, the parents jack to consider the importance of time spent with their children gave up their par ental power as that secure base and trusting relationship with their children.My hope is that the engagements of family time spent together would build each individuals self-esteem and confidence as time and energy is being reciprocated here. References Goldenberg, 1. , Goldenberg, H. (2000). Family Therapy An Overview. ; . United States. Headwords, a division of Thomas Learning. Figure Captions Figure 1 . Caption of figure [Figures – note that this page does not have the manuscript header and page number]

The Draft essays

The Draft essays Currently, the United States and other countries are faced with a large number of citizens smoking. It is estimated that 1.1 billion people smoke worldwide. This is a very high number. The biggest problem with this number is the percentage of teenagers smoking before the legal age of 18. 89% of people who currently smoke started before they were of legal age. Cigarette companies such as Philip Morris, maker of Marlboro, Parliament, Basic and Winstons create a large part of their revenue off of minors. Philip Morris himself Quoted Todays teenager is tomorrows potential regular customer. An employee of Lorillard, Inc., producer of Newport cigarettes commented on teenagers in the cigarette market, The success of Newport has been fantastic during the last few years...The base of our business is the high school student. RJ Reynolds Tobacco, producers of Camel cigarettes also agree with the fact that much of their revenue comes from minors by stating, The 14-18 year old group is an increasing segment of the smoking population. RJ Reynolds must soon establish a successful new brand in this market if our position in the industry is to be maintained over the long term. These major cigarette companies all are aware that minors are buying their cigarettes. As a result, they are making a huge profit from them. Anti-smoking organizations such as Just Eliminate Lies and The Whole Truth on the other hand are fighting with Big Tobacco as they call the major cigarette companies to stop them from promoting smoking through advertisements to teenagers. The situation between Big Tobacco and anti-smoking organizations can be looked at through two different viewpoints. The first, looking at the situation economically, you would see how much cigarette sales help it. Besides sales of cigarettes, health care institutions also benefit from smokers who develop l ...

ATM systems

ATM systems One of the most important part to designing the ATM usage is to make it as use r-centred as possible. According to Benyon, 2005, the PACT which is stand for People, Activities, Contexts, and Technologies as a useful framework for thinking about a design situation in relation to an interactive system. Performing a PACT analysis would be useful for both analysis and design activities, understanding the current situations, seeing where possible improvements can be made and envisioning future situations. The results of the PACT analysis are presented below. People The users groups for this technology include all people with bank accounts, especially UMS students, staff and lecturers. In the established user group, age and sex are not a factor. The technology does assume some previous knowledge and its functions could prove difficult for first time users. Most ATMs translate all signs and button into braille, making it usable by those without eyesight. This specific machine could create difficulties for those with disabilities because of the height of the keypad and its relatively flat orientation on the machine. People with children could also find the placement of the machine inconvenient, as its location is directly next to a main entrance. In addition, the machine have many language options, it is easier for users to use the machine. Activities Based on the study, the verification of banking details and the removal of money from ones account. The sub activities include inserting a credit card, entering ones pin number, selecting the amount desired, checking account balances and retrieving receipts. We observed the machine being used often, with one person using it every five minutes. It is important to this system works quickly, as it is meant to be a quick stop and there are often a line of people waiting to use the machine. Besides that, for security purposes, it is unsafe for a user s account information to stay up too long, as it could be target for theft. The machine is used by individuals, who must be aware of their surroundings, protect their pin number as they enter it. The ATM itself is designed so that important account information that might be printed on a receipt or shown on screen is obscured or not written out in full. If someone wrongfully inputs their pin number, for example, the transaction will be cancell ed and they will receive their card back. In some cases, a user could forget their card in the machine, which could result in theft if the card is taken immediately after the user leaves. Otherwise, the machine will retract the card and store it. Also, if a user somehow forgets to take their money, it could be stolen. The current machine performs the basic activities and sub activities well. It works quickly and efficiently to dispense users money. The functions, however, are very basic and only the simplest functions can be performed. The location and design of the machine do pose some security risks. The machine is also in a high-traffic area and is open on all sides. Contexts An ATM machine location could prove to be a significant factor in the ease of its use. If a machine is located outside, there is the potential for distraction if there is heavy rain, posing security risks. Also, bright sunlight could obscure the display, making it more difficult to use. ATM use tends to be in an open, public area, which goes against the general context and use of banking; it is generally considered to be a private activity. It could include a more private space for the machine. It should also be installed indoors if possible to reduce the potential for distraction and thus reduce security risks. The current system does not take privacy into account; the machine is located directly next to a main entrance. There are also bright lights that cause glare on the display, making it more difficult to read. Technologies The input mechanism in the form of a key pad and either a touch screen or buttons adjacent to options on screen are the easiest ways for users to input information, and is the setup of most ATMs. Banking options should be easily visible to users once their identity is verified by the machine. The key pad should be more obscured so that when users input information, privacy is not compromised. ATMs in general, are used by those standing up. However, this poses issues for those in wheelchairs and thus a design idea is to place an additional screen and keypad down lower for those with disabilities. In terms of output, we cannot see any flaws with the current use of a screen to display information. However, one innovation that could be helpful to users is to have receipts e-mailed to them instead of receiving paper receipts that tend to be discarded immediately. Communication is a big factor for ATMs, which need to be able to connect with banks to verify users, account balances, and so o n. The content central to this function is the account information being traded between user and machine, as well as between the machine and the banks. Based on the observation, the ATM does not have ideal key pad placement, possibly creating security concerns. Besides that, instructions about card insertion are unclear, the sign above the card slot says to insert the card with the numbers up, while the computer screen asks the user to insert the card with the magnetic strip up. The screen performs the necessary functions, and is convenient for most users, who use the machine standing up. It is not ideal, though, for those with disabilities as the key pad and card slot are a bit too high. The machine communicates with the banks quickly and easily, making money retrieval from this machine a rapid and simple task. As conclusion, in implementing a new ATM system, the current system employed by most machines is functional and effective. However, there are some concerns with its ease of use when it comes to those with disabilities; many are meant for users standing up, while those in wheelchairs would struggle with the horizontal orientation of the key pad and its height. Additionally, the placement of ATMs should be a key factor when implementing the system. Their ideal location is indoors where distractions like sunlight, weather and noise are mitigated. It is also important for users to have a sense of privacy or enclosure while they conduct their banking. The language a machine employs is also vital to its successful use; limited language capabilities make it difficult for a wide swath of the population to use the system.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 12

Marketing - Essay Example Marketing is a particularly fundamental function for strategy formulation in a business. It informs a strategy, counsels it, reviews it and provides insights into strategy formulation in an organization. An outstanding marketing department is involved in a continuous cycle of measure-analyze-plan-measure. This cycle is as well a key ingredient of strategic business management function. Therefore, in essence, marketing is a key element of strategic management function. Great marketing can help the company in identifying and addressing improvement strategies to customers in either product differentiation or distribution channels (Kotler et al 2009). For example, forecasting is part of strategic planning, sales and marketing forecasts as always the main tools used in budgeting for the marketing function. In marketing research, the Research and Development personnel are essential for effective results analyses and interpretation. Kotler et al (2009), the chief aim of strategic planning i s promoting the discernment of the company in the minds of the customers and consequently to increase customer relation and profitability of the business. Business strategic planning has to be undertaken to ensure the evaluation of all the options in a given situation. In such considerations, only the marketing function and research and development function are involved in result oriented research for improvement of service to the customer. Marketing Function versus Other Organizational Functions The marketing function of a business is the process that combines the product with pricing, promotion and distribution to reach the respective customers or end users. Marketing is one of the most significant functions of a business since it has a direct impact on sales and profitability of the business as well as customer relation. Because of this importance, the marketing function has a greater interrelation with other business functions like finance, accounting, production, research and d evelopment, technology, procurement and human resource among others. Building a profitable customer relationship in the marketing function requires interaction with the other business functions (Kotler et al 2009). I. Finance and marketing Every marketing plan always includes a primary financial dimension. Key aspects of a marketing planning and control are budgeting and profitability analysis. These issues require high resolution on significant financial issues like the definition of profits (e.g. Returns to equity or returns to investment) and determination on the appropriate controls for such profits (e.g. Taxes or inventory evaluation). All marketing decisions are investment decisions aiming at profitable customer relation hence adequate financial information is significant. Nevertheless, marketing is essential for the finance department since the information generated from marketing is used in financial analysis and forecasting (Kotler et al 2009). For example, the marketing te am in organization utilizes the annual company financial reports and other financial documents to help them with budgeting. This helps to reduce duplication of work in the marketing team for employing financial personnel since the financial personnel are already available in the company. The marketing team is, therefore, able to apply financial performance indicators to their relevant respective market segments to ensure that they always remain relevant to customers. II.