Political Philosophy of Anarchy-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Clarify why you do, or don't think Emma Goldman puts forth a persuading defense for disorder? Answer: The article centers around political way of thinking and attempts to break down whether Emma Goldman puts forth a persuading defense regarding rebellion. Emma Goldman has been a revolutionary, essayist and political extremist who had an indispensable job in building up the political way of thinking of rebellion in Europe and North America during the start of the twentieth century. Emma Goldman set up solid supporters among the revolutionaries, liberal and communists of differed tendencies[1]. The extreme point of view on colonialism, legislative issues, financial aspects, culture and government prompted the development of the nineteenth and the twentieth century America. Goldman has been a one of a kind liberal who had dynamic perspectives and regularly condemned radical. Emma Goldman set forward a coherent and predictable political way of thinking that furnished her with a focal point for review imbalances and shamefulness. Rebellion alludes to a political way of thinking that thinks about the state as unfortunate, destructive and unnecessary[2]. Accordingly, political agitation guarantees the advancement of stateless society that restricts expert in leading human relations. Emma Goldman has been excessively unclear in her portrayal in regards to insurgency and set forward conflicting convictions. This is so on the grounds that on one hand she discusses an exceptionally industrialized state while simultaneously talks about a meticulous work routine. The prolonged hours join with risky and unhygienic conditions made the workplace incredibly unpleasant. Demise and wounds were basic under such conditions that seemed well and good for the laborers in requesting better work conditions. In this specific situation, Emma Goldman makes reference to in her discourse about the Massacre that occurred in Haymarket that she specifies as most noteworthy occasion of her life that is made her what she is. The Haymarket Massacre began as a meeting of the striking laborers who pushed for eight-hour work plan. A bomb blast at the convention brought about the demise of a gathering of rebel. To which Emma Goldman said as, Judicially killed by the province of Illinois[3]. She introduced a discourse where she recognized her acknowledgment that a great many people of her time had the misguided judgment about rebellion because of the one-sided assessments distributed by the media. Emma Goldman anyway accepted the capacity of disorder in a progressive per iod was to limit the viciousness of the upheaval and supplant it by the helpful efforts.[4] Emma Goldman likewise felt the legislature guaranteed a lot of contributions on how the individuals oversee and live their lives. Subsequently, the more noteworthy chances and opportunity will prompt the better production of the general public and the people. Notwithstanding, the idea of disorder however enlarges her view yet prompts the twisting of her vision. Emma Goldmans hypothesis on political agitation appears to be preferable hypothetically over finding an application in establishing the framework of a superior and more up to date society. There anyway lays a disarray with respect to the way that in spite of the fact that Emma Goldman depicts rebellion however she neglects to portray how the belief system will be compelling in explaining the issues identified with free discourse, criminal equity, social equality and outsiders. In this manner, despite the fact that Emma Goldman attempted to set up her hypothesis of disorder however it stayed unconvincing and dubious. References: Avrich P,The Modern School Movement: Anarchism And Education In The United States(Princeton University Press 2014) Carter A,The Political Theory Of Anarchism Routledge Library Editions: Political Science(Routledge 2013) Fernandez F,Cuban Anarchism: The History Of A Movement(Sharp Press 2014) Knowles R,Political Economy From Below: Economic Thought In Communitarian Anarchism (Routledge 2013) Knowles R,Political Economy From Below: Economic Thought In Communitarian Anarchism(Routledge 2013). Avrich P,The Modern School Movement: Anarchism And Education In The United States(Princeton University Press 2014). Fernandez F,Cuban Anarchism: The History Of A Movement(Sharp Press 2014). Carter A,The Political Theory Of Anarchism Routledge Library Editions: Political Science(Routledge 2013).

Can Noise Traders Survive

Talk about the ramifications of the oddity that albeit money related hypothesis accept that speculators are sound in practive, scarcely any financial specialists seem to move toward ventures choices in a balanced way. Could Noise Traders Survive? 1. Presentation Noise Trader is a monetary term presented by Kyle (1985) and Black (1986). It alludes to a stock dealer who needs access to inside data and settles on unreasonable speculation choices (De Long et al. , 1990). Conventional money related speculations are regularly founded on the supposition that all the speculators are rational.The prospering conduct fund withdraws from traditional monetary hypothesis by dropping this essential presumption (Carty, 2005). As of late, there has been a developing enthusiasm for contemplating the conduct and impacts of clamor brokers. Friedman (1953) and Fama (1965) contend that commotion dealers are superfluous on the grounds that they will be driven out of market by levelheaded speculators who ex change against them. Despite what might be expected, Black (1986) contends that commotion dealers can make due over the long haul, and the whole money related market can't work appropriately without clamor traders.This paper will endeavor to exhibit that clamor brokers can make benefits and make due over the long haul, they can keep up a value affect and give liquidity to the market. So as to exhibit this, first, this exposition will be explicitly concentrating on productive market speculation (EMH), which is an agent conventional monetary hypothesis dependent on discerning speculators supposition. Both experimental and hypothetical proof will be provided so as to exhibit the inconsistency between the reasonable speculators suspicion and genuine money related markets.Second, this exposition will additionally clarify how clamor brokers can get by over the long haul, even once in a while gain higher anticipated returns than levelheaded financial specialists. At long last, it ought to be noticed that commotion exchanging is fundamental to money related market as its effect on resource evaluating and benefits for advertise liquidity. 2. Illogicality of effective market speculation Efficient-showcase theory (EMH) accept that monetary markets are â€Å"informationally efficient† (Fama, 1965). All financial specialists can settle on discerning speculation choices dependent on complete honesty of information.Their contention against the significance of commotion dealers brings up that if the cost of an advantage veers from its essential worth, judicious arbitrageurs will purchase the underestimated shares on one trade while sell a similar measure of exaggerated offers on another trade (Shleifer, 2000). The activities of balanced arbitrageurs will drive the value back to its crucial worth. Over the long haul, hence, commotion merchants will reliably lose cash to sound arbitrageurs, in this manner inevitably vanish from the market (De Long et al. , 1990).In reque st words, commotion merchants can't make due in the monetary market on the grounds that their normal returns are negative. Be that as it may, albeit proficient market speculation is a foundation of current budgetary hypothesis, it is frequently questioned by speculators and scientists both experimentally and hypothetically. The hypothetical conundrum of EMH and experimental proof against EMH in genuine money related markets will be additionally clarified by the accompanying models. The Grossman-Stiglitz oddity (Grossman and Stiglitz, 1980) affirms that monetary market can not be â€Å"informationally efficient†.Grossman and Stiglitz contend that †because data is exorbitant, costs can't flawlessly mirror the data which is accessible, since on the off chance that it did, the individuals who spent assets to get it would get no compensation† (Grossman and Stiglitz, 1980, p. 405 ). On the off chance that a market is educationally productive, it implies that all applica ble data is reflected in showcase costs. In this manner there is no motivator to gather the data. In any case, in the event that nobody will pay to gather the data, the data at that point can not reflect in the prices.In rundown, The Grossman-Stiglitz oddity repudiates effective market speculation, which may demonstrate that productive market isn't the genuine element of money related market. There are likewise different oddities that are apparently difficult to disclose as indicated by proficient market theory. From the point of view of reasonable arbitrageurs, if clamor brokers are for the most part in the end driven out of business sectors, there will be no value errors for exchange. Along these lines the balanced arbitrageurs will likewise vanish from the business sectors. All things considered, by what means can the business sectors keep up a non-exchange equilibrium?From the point of view of commotion dealers, if clamor merchants are completely determined out of business secto rs, how do the business sectors create the first commotion brokers? It appears to be certain that those two conundrums fill in as proof of the presence of clamor dealers. Effective market theory additionally expresses that it is outlandish for financial specialists to reliably out-play out the normal market returns, or at the end of the day, â€Å"beat the market†, in light of the fact that the market cost is commonly equivalent to or near the reasonable worth (Fama, 1965). It is outlandish, in this way, for financial specialists to win more significant yields through buying underestimated stocks.Investors can just expand their benefits by exchanging less secure stocks (http://www. investopedia. com/). In any case, experimentally, there is a huge amount of genuine monetary guides to help that stocks are not generally exchanged at their reasonable worth. On Monday October 19, 1987, the money related markets far and wide fell by over 20%, shedding an enormous incentive in a sol itary day (Ahsan, 2012). It fills in as model that market cost can veer essentially from its reasonable worth. Furthermore, Warren Buffett has reliably beaten the market over a significant stretch of time, which additionally repudiates productive market speculation (http://www. nvestopedia. com/). In this manner, the two exact models above show that there is an enormous error between genuine budgetary markets and effective market speculation sound speculators presumption. Nonetheless, how clamor merchants get by from discerning financial specialists and arbitrageurs? 3. Clarification of commotion traders’ endurance The DSSW model (De Long et. al. , 1990) further clarifies how commotion dealers can exist over the long haul. The proficient market theory contends that if resource cost separates from its reasonable incentive by commotion brokers, objective arbitrageurs will exchange against them henceforth push the value back to its reasonable value.However, it is a long way from reality in genuine monetary market. In the event that clamor dealers are too hopeful about stock and have raised up the cost of the stock from its key worth, an arbitrageur will bear immense hazard selling the stock since commotion brokers idealistic convictions won't change for quite a while, along these lines the cost won't return, or be pushed up much further by commotion merchants (De Long et. al. , 1990). The hazard objective arbitrageurs bears attempting to change commotion traders’ sentiments is named â€Å"noise dealer risk†. Since sound arbitrageurs are chance unwilling, the clamor merchant hazard will constrain their eagerness to exchange against commotion traders.De Long et. al (1990) contend that â€Å"the exchange doesn't wipe out the impacts of commotion since clamor itself makes hazard. † Therefore the commotion dealers can exist over the long haul. De Long et. al (1990) additionally contend that commotion dealers may even win higher anticipated returns than levelheaded financial specialists. In the event that clamor brokers are over bullish about a benefit and contribute more, it implies they bring extra commotion dealer chance into the advantage, along these lines levelheaded arbitrageurs will discover the advantage less appealing in light of the fact that arbitrageurs are chance unwilling investors.Noise merchants, particularly those arrogant speculators, put more in the dangerous resource than judicious financial specialists. Pompous dealers take on more hazard and thus procure higher benefits than their objective partners. De Long et. al (1990) state that â€Å"noise merchants can acquire higher expected returns exclusively by bearing a greater amount of the hazard that they themselves create†. It is sensible to reason that commotion merchants can get by in the long tun and may even make a bigger number of benefits than sane speculators. This may lead us to solicit is there any hugeness from clamor dealers exist ing in monetary markets? . Hugeness of clamor merchants The centrality of commotion brokers can be partitioned into two sections, to be specific the advantages for advertise liquidity and the effect on resource costs. In the first place, commotion broker is the key segment of budgetary market. Dark (1986) contends that if all financial specialists are judicious, there will be almost no exchanging singular resources. It implies there is no motivations for financial specialists to exchange the portions of an individual firm against the individuals who share a similar data and same convictions on the stock.Traders will put resources into common assets, or portfolios, or record fates rather than singular firms. Be that as it may, singular offers are value establishments of shared assets, portfolios and record fates (Black, 1986). Hence, the whole monetary market relies upon liquidity in singular resources gave by clamor merchants. Second, commotion brokers can keep up a huge value sway. As per an experimental research on Dow Jones Industrial Average and S&P500 restores, the value effect of judicious estimations is more prominent than that of silly assessments (Verma et al, 2008).Verma et al (2008) additionally contend that financial exchange returns have a quick and positive reaction to clamor exchanging. Accordingly, it appears to be certain that clamor exchanging is the fundamental fixing in budgetary market since it is gainful for showcase liquidity and it has gigantic value sway on stocks. All in all, this exposition has exhibited that notwithstanding the fundamental model hugeness, conventional monetary theory’s sound financial specialists supposition that is ridiculous. Commotion brokers can get by over the long haul, and may even win higher expected returns than discerning investors.Noise exchanging is imperative part of money related market, and effectsly affects resource evaluating and benefits for showcase liquidity. The money related market e quilibri

A View from the Class Theotis Sharpe MPA 20 and International Dual Degree student COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

A View from the Class Theotis Sharpe MPA 20 and International Dual Degree student COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The SIPA Office of Alumni and Development is pleased to share A View from the Class, a SIPA stories series featuring current SIPA students, recently graduated alumni, and faculty. In this issue, we feature Theotis Sharpe MPA 20, who is also an international dual degree student at the Hertie School of Governance in Berlin. You may recognize Theo from hosting SIPA networking mixers in Accra and Lagos over the summer, or how he navigates SIPAs events and helped organize the first-ever SIPA Story Slam. What were you doing prior to attending SIPA? I completed my undergraduate studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Upon graduation in 2012, I worked as a Mortgage Consultant for Wells Fargo and JP Morgan Chase, and then, as a Senior Treasury Analyst at Wells Fargo, assisting 100+ middle-market companies in creating long-term operations and cash management strategies. In addition to my professional career, I was on the board of the Lost Boys Center for Leadership and Development, a non-profit based in Phoenix, AZ, working with South Sudanese youth in Juba and around the U.S. Why did you choose SIPA? When I started my journey to graduate school, I was in search of a program that would allow me to explore the intersection of finance, development economics, and policy. The majority of the schools on my radar offered a focus in one or the other. SIPA stood out from the pack as it gave me an opportunity to explore and combine all of my interests as well as acquire practical skills. Why did you decide to pursue a dual degree? Initially, when I enrolled at SIPA, my concentration was international development practice. My goal was to learn and acquire practical skills that would allow me to make an impact as a development finance practitioner. I did get a chance to gain in-depth knowledge of development issues and tap into the knowledge and experiences of my peers and development practitioners to develop prudent skills to make an impact. However, I wanted to expand my focus beyond development to learn how different macroeconomic policies directly affect international development. With this goal in mind, I decided to pursue a dual degree with the Hertie School in Berlin to explore the role of trade and international finance as key instruments for development. With a SIPA-Hertie dual degree, I am privileged to combine the practical skills of international development with a solid knowledge of international trade and finance. How would you describe your SIPA experience? My time at SIPA has been very fulfilling. I have had an opportunity to immerse myself in a wide range of activities and experiences. I have been fortunate to travel to three different countries and work on a business development platform that champions the formalization and growth of informal businesses in Sub-Saharan Africa. My team and I were finalists in the SIPA Deans Public Policy Challenge and received honorable mention accolades at the Global Public Policy Network Conference in Singapore. I have contributed to the greater SIPA community in service as a member of the SIPA Diversity Committee as well as the President of the SIPA Pan African Network (SPAN). I also had a rich experience interning in Lagos, Nigeria, as an investment officer with Lidya, a Nigerian start-up addressing the $3 billion global credit gap by providing working capital loans to businesses without the need for guarantors or collateral. During this experience, I assisted in managing Lidyas finance team and helping source new investors. This opportunity was part of my summer placement as required by the Development Practice program. How has SIPA affected you? First and foremost, my SIPA experience has helped me become more focused on the impact I want to make. It has helped me become a better leader, giving me the tools I need to return home to Africa to become a change agent. Additionally, my SIPA experience would have been incomplete without my awesome classmates. I am fortunate to learn from a highly motivated group of change-makers from all backgrounds. What inspires me most is the willingness of my colleagues to stand up to injustices or any form of systematic discrimination and their commitment to solving some of the worlds most dire problems. Is there a particular SIPA experience that stands out? Two events come to mind. First, I organized the first-ever SIPA Story Slam in partnership with the SIPA Diversity Committee and classmate Taylor Light MPA 20 to bring together different voices of the SIPA community to share our experience around identity, values, and community. During this, we heard stories from Mayor Michael Nutter, Professor Yumi Shimabukoro, and other classmates. Through the diligent work of Dean Samantha Shapses and the SIPA Diversity Committee, the Slam is becoming an annual SIPA event. We must continue to provide a safe space for students to express their experiences and have a platform to be themselves. Second, I had an opportunity to work with the Columbia Alumni Association and the SIPA admissions office to organize two information sessions for prospective students in Lagos and Accra. It is important to take the value and message of SIPA to students in Ghana and Nigeria. With the collective effort of alumni and SIPA, we can ensure that the SIPA student body continues to include and grow an African perspective. What are your plans after SIPA? My goal is to secure employment in private sector development or business development. For many around the world, the private sector and most especially informal business owners and entrepreneurs is the source of long-term sustainable development. Hence, I would like to dedicate my career to developing policies and strategies that enable businesses to operate in a way that is profitable, efficient, and secure.

Production and Operation Management - 1137 Words

Plastic key chains are being produced in a company named Hot Shot Plastics. The plastic material is first molded and then trimmed to the required shape. The current curetimes (which is the time for plastic to cool) during the molding process affect the edge quality of the key-chains produced. The aim is to achieve statistical control of the curetimes using Xbar and R-charts Curetime data of 25 samples, each of size 4 have been taken when the process is assumed to be in control. These are shown below. Sample no | Observations | 1 | 27.34667 | 27.50085 | 29.94412 | 28.21249 | 2 | 27.79695 | 26.15006 | 31.21295 | 31.33272 | 3 | 33.53255 | 29.32971 | 29.70460 | 31.05300 | 4 | 37.98409 | 32.26942 | 31.91741 | 29.44279 | 5 | 33.82722 |†¦show more content†¦The data from these new samples are shown below. Update your control charts and compare the results with the previous data. The charts are drawn with the new data using the same control limits established before. Comment on what the new chart shows. Sample no | Observations | 1 | 31.65830 | 29.78330 | 31.87910 | 33.91250 | 2 | 34.46430 | 25.18480 | 37.76689 | 39.21143 | 3 | 41.34268 | 39.54590 | 29.55710 | 32.57350 | 4 | 29.47310 | 25.37840 | 25.04380 | 24.00350 | 5 | 25.46710 | 34.85160 | 30.19150 | 31.62220 | 6 | 46.25184 | 34.71356 | 41.41277 | 44.63319 | 7 | 35.44750 | 38.83289 | 33.08860 | 31.63490 | 8 | 34.55143 | 33.86330 | 35.18869 | 42.31515 | 9 | 43.43549 | 37.36371 | 38.85718 | 39.25132 | 10 | 37.05298 | 42.47056 | 35.90282 | 38.21905 | 11 | 38.57292 | 39.06772 | 32.22090 | 33.20200 | 12 | 27.03050 | 33.63970 | 26.63060 | 42.79176 | PARTâ…   Company introduction: Hot Shot Plastics Hot Shot Plastics, Inc. filed as an Articles of Incorporation in the State of California and is no longer active. This corporate entity was filed approximately fourteen years ago on Monday, June 05, 2000, according to public records filed with California Secretary of State. Products: Manufactures processed plastics Plastic cutting machinery, Plastic grinding machinery, Rubber or plastic mills, Rubber or plastic extrusion dies, Plastic injection molds, Thermoforming molds, Ejector pins, In mold decoration IMD cylinder,Show MoreRelatedProduction And Operations Management : Production Management Essay941 Words   |  4 Pagesused in the production/operations subsystem of the organization into value added product/services in a controlled manner as per the policies of the organization, is the definition of Production/operations management. Consequently, it is that part of an organization, this part is involved in the transformation of a range of inputs, like men, material, machines, information and capital, into the required (products/services), with the requisite quality level. The group of correlated management activitiesRead MoreProduction Of Production And Operation Management1415 Words   |  6 PagesPRODUCTION OPERATION MANAGEMENT The focus of any business is to provide needs of customer by providing military and supplies, and in this procedure generate value for customers and solve their trouble. Production and operations management talks about applying big business association and management concepts in formation of supplies and military (1). PRODUCT: A product is defined as the thing offered for deal. A product can be a facility or an item. It can be material or in virtual form. Every productRead Moreproduction and operation management1377 Words   |  6 PagesPaper of Production and Operations Management IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper Production and Operations Management Subject Code-B107 ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · MM.100 Section A: Objective Type Short Questions (30 marks) This section consists of multiple choice Short Notes type questions. 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(i) For a Consumer: The product is a combination of or optimalRead MoreProductions and Operations Management737 Words   |  3 PagesProductions and Operations Management I The three categories of statistical quality control The three categories of SQC include the traditional statistical tools, acceptance sampling, and statistical process control (SPC). Traditional statistical tools are descriptive statistics like the mean and range, used to describe qualitative characteristics. Acceptance sampling is a process of taking a random sample or portion of a batch and deciding whether to accept or reject the whole batch. SPC is aRead MoreOperations Management : Production Management1657 Words   |  7 Pages Operations management is the art of knowledge that ensures that services and goods are produced and distributed successfully to customers. Operations management key objective is maximize efficiency while producing and effectively fulfilling customer needs. In this novel the operations management team is struggling to make this plant a profitable plant so it will not be shut down. Alex is wondering why is that he cannot produce quality products and respond to customer needs at a faster pace considerablyRea d MoreProduction Operation Management1195 Words   |  5 PagesProduction Operations Management Session 3-2 More on Processes 1 Outline ï‚ § Multi-product, multi-flow process analysis – So far: 1 product, 1 flow – Differing process times, yield issues, machine breakdown ï‚ § Big Takeaway: – Product-mix becomes critical in multiple flows – Implications in capital investment, scaling business, and risk management ï‚ § Calculating capacity when you have – Multiple flows †¢ With the same processing time at each resource †¢ With different processingRead MoreProduction and Operation Management890 Words   |  4 Pagesif they plan long-term operations in such countries. 8. Governmental regulation. Companies also may face government barriers and heavy restrictions and regulation if they intend to expand into other countries. Therefore, companies must examine governmental—as well as cultural—obstacles in other countries when developing location strategies. 9. Environmental regulation. Companies should consider the various  environmental regulations  that might affect their operations in different locations

What Is The Difference Between Diffusion and Effusion

When a volume of gas is released from one smaller area to another larger area with less pressure, the gas either diffuses or effuses into the container. The primary difference between diffusion and effusion is the barrier, which filters the gas as it moves between the two volumes. The Barrier Is Key Effusion occurs when a barrier with one or many small holes prevents gas from expanding into the new volume unless a gas molecule happens to travel through the hole. The term small refers to holes with diameters less than the mean free path of the gas molecules. Mean free path is the average distance traveled by an individual gas molecule before it collides with another gas molecule. Diffusion occurs when holes in a barrier are larger than the mean free path of a gas. If no barrier exists, consider a barrier with one large hole big enough to cover the boundary between the two volumes. Handy reminder: small holes   effusion, big holes diffusion Which Is Faster? Effusion typically transports particles more quickly because they dont have to move around other particles to reach their destination. Essentially, negative pressure causes quick movement.   Lacking the same level of negative pressure, the rate at which diffusion occurs is limited by the size and kinetic energy of the other particles in the solution, in addition to the concentration gradient.

Brave New World Diction Essay Free Essays

Chapter 3, pages 34-35 Brave New World Diction â€Å"Main Day-shift off duty†¦.. ’I shall make a point of going,’ said Henry Foster. We will write a custom essay sample on Brave New World Diction Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now † In chapter 3 of Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World, many things are revealed about hot the society in this novel functions. It shows more about the work that the people do and how the society functions. Huxley uses repetition and descriptive diction to provide a deeper look into the society that is shown in this passage. In one paragraph, one specific word helps to clarify the meaning of the repetition of the word â€Å"whisk†. While talking about history, the Controller states that â€Å"History is bunk† to the students. In context, bunk is taken to mean nonsense, or unimportant. It serves the authors purpose by revealing more about the society in this passage. History is irrelevant to the alphas. The word â€Å"bunk† further helps to explain the diction in the next paragraph of this passage. The word â€Å"whisk† is repeated twelve times in one paragraph. It is used to describe how easily history is wiped away and forgotten. It even shows that music and feelings such as passion are gone. The repetition of the word â€Å"whisk† is fundamental in illustrating how insignificant the past is to this society. The authors use of descriptive diction gives further insight about this society. The author uses words and phrases such as â€Å"tactual†, â€Å"Embryo Store†, and â€Å"Psychology Bureau† among many others. This is significant because it illustrates how technologically advanced the society in this passage is. This passage reveals that society has completely disregarded history and advanced in the scientific field. The author uses the word â€Å"forbidden† to describe poetry books and religious books such as the Bible. This further develops the society as a society where feelings evoked by poetry and religious faith are frowned upon. As this passage demonstrates, history and literature have been removed from this society. History and literature are subjects that connect people, and tie them together, but without them, this passage shows that this society is very advanced in the field of science. This society is clearly appalled by life led by their ancestors. They have effectively gotten rid of history, and any feeling that helps them make lasting connections to other people. Through the use of descriptive diction, the authors purpose of providing insight into this society is fully accomplished. The diction in this passage illustrates how dynamic the society in this novel is. This society revolves around science, and wants nothing to do with the past. This passage provides very important insight into how this society functions, and the structure of the society. The author successfully achieves his purpose through the use of repetition and expressive diction. How to cite Brave New World Diction Essay, Essay examples

The Matrix, Plato and Descartes Essay Example

The Matrix, Plato and Descartes Paper The Matrix. There is a super computer that controls the reality of all humans. Neo, a character in the movie, realizes that the Matrix is not real. Morpheme helps him to come to this realization that his life was not real, that a super computer was programming his thoughts, and experiences. All the humans were In this huge machine with their brains connected to a bunch of wires, and their thoughts were being Inputted by the computer. In Plats Allegory of the Cave, there is a similar situation. In his description of the prisoners of the cave, the prisoners ere chained down, and only able to look a wall. There was a fire behind them and shadows from other walking by were played out on the wall for the prisoners to see. They believed the shadows to be real. When one of the prisoners were released, they perceived the real world in actuality, and the shadows they perceived to be real were not. Like in The Matrix, they believed only what they perceived. In Descanters Meditation I of the Things of Which May Doubt, he says he will doubt everything he believes unless he Is absolutely certain of the truth of the belief. We will write a custom essay sample on The Matrix, Plato and Descartes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Matrix, Plato and Descartes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Matrix, Plato and Descartes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He believes that our knees can deceive us on many levels. Descanters also says when we dream we can never be sure what Is real and what Is a dream. The salutary of Descanters with The Matrix and Allegory of the Cave Is the evil demon theory. He believes that he Is being deceived by an evil demon of all senses and knowledge (Foreman Dew, 2012). That the evil demon is allowing us to perceive what he wants us to perceive. How do we know the world we are experiencing is real? All we know has been taught to us by our senses and perception on how we sense these things. I believe by ouch, sight, smell, and all these things are real to me. I believe in our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. That Jesus died on the cross for our sins. This is the real world to me. I have faith in our Lord that what we are experiencing is real and not some dream or alternate reality. At the end of the Allegory of the Cave, Socrates explained that most men would want to escape the cave and see reality as It really Is. In The Matrix; however, In his betrayal of Morpheme, Cipher implies that it is better to live in the artificial world of the Matrix. Cipher believed that ignorance is bliss. For me, I would like to know what reality really is. Ignorance is bliss can be a nice thing, but something always happens to make you doubt what is really going on. When that happened you truly believe that you have been deceived and everything you thought to be true is not. Most of our knowledge is based on sense experience, and they are not always accurate. How can we be truly certain of our beliefs? Personally, I know about the senses not being accurate. I am legally blind, and hard of hearing. Much of my world is not truly how It Is perceived. I rely on what my family and friends tell me. What makes me certain of my beliefs Is my faith In our Lord. A few years ago, I might have questioned everything based on my senses not being accurate. How do I know that I am truly seeing or hearing whats in front of me. My faith in the Lord has leaded me through everything. References Foreman, Mark Dew, Jar. J. (2012) How Certain Can We Be? In, How Do You Know? A Short Introduction to the Issues of Epistemology. (p. 58). Downers Grove, IL: Intermarries Press. Wackiest, Andy, and Lana Wackiest. The Matrix. Directed by Andy Wackiest and Lana Wackiest. Los Angels: Warner Brow. Pictures, 1999.

Simple Dessiner (to Draw) Verb Conjugations in French

Simple Dessiner (to Draw) Verb Conjugations in French How would you say to draw in French? If you answered with the verb  dessiner, then you would be correct. When you want to change this to the past tense drew or the present tense drawing, then the verb needs to be conjugated. The good news is that this one is relatively straightforward. Conjugations of the French Verb  Dessiner Dessiner  is a  regular -ER verb  and it follows the most common verb conjugation pattern in the French language. You can use the same infinitive endings you learn in this lesson and apply them to countless other words, including  demander  (to ask) and  diner  (to have dinner). Before any conjugation, we must identify the verb stem and for  dessiner, that is  dessin-. To this, we can add a variety of endings according to the subject pronoun to help our sentences make sense. As an example, adding a simple -e  creates the present tense  je  form so I am drawing becomes je dessine. Similarly, we will draw becomes nous desinerons. Subject Present Future Imperfect je dessine dessinerai dessinais tu dessines dessineras dessinais il dessine dessinera dessinait nous dessinons dessinerons dessinions vous dessinez dessinerez dessiniez ils dessinent dessineront dessinaient The Present Participle of  Dessiner A  quick change to an -ant  ending and  dessiner  is transformed into the  present participle  dessinant. This is a verb, of course, though you might also find it useful as an adjective, gerund, or noun at times. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © For the past tense drew, the options are the imperfect form or the  passà © composà ©. To form the latter, begin by conjugating the  auxiliary verb  avoir  to the subject pronoun, then add the  past participle  dessinà ©. The passà © composà © comes together quickly: I drew is jai dessinà © and we drew is nous avons dessinà ©. More Simple  Dessiner  Conjugations to Learn As your French improves, you will find uses for other simple forms of  dessiner  as well. For instance, when the action is uncertain, the subjunctive verb mood is used. In similar fashion, if the drawing requires that something else also happens, you can turn to the conditional verb form. The passà © simple is primarily found in literature, as is the imperfect subjunctive. While you may not use these personally, familiarizing yourself with them will aid your reading comprehension. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je dessine dessinerais dessinai dessinasse tu dessines dessinerais dessinas dessinasses il dessine dessinerait dessina dessint nous dessinions dessinerions dessinmes dessinassions vous dessiniez dessineriez dessintes dessinassiez ils dessinent dessineraient dessinrent dessinassent To use  dessiner  in short, direct statements, the imperative form is used. In this conjugation, keep things short and sweet and forget about including the subject pronoun: use dessine rather than tu dessine. Imperative (tu) dessine (nous) dessinons (vous) dessinez

Humpty Dumptys Philosophy of Language

Humpty Dumptys Philosophy of Language In Chapter 6 of Through the Looking Glass Alice meets Humpty Dumpty, who she recognizes immediately since she knows about him from the nursery rhyme. Humpty is a bit irritable, but he turns out to have some thought-provoking notions about language, and philosophers of language have been quoting him ever since. Must a Name Have a Meaning? Humpty begins by asking Alice her name and her business:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘My name is Alice, but––‘  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘It’s a stupid name enough!’ Humpty Dumpty interrupted impatiently.   ‘What does it mean?’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘Must a name mean something?’ Alice asked doubtfully.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘Of course it must,’ Humpty Dumpty said with a short laugh: ‘my name means the shape I am–and a good handsome shape it is too.   With a name like yours, you might be any shape, almost.’ As in many other respects, the looking glass world, at least as described by Humpty Dumpty, is the inverse of Alice’s everyday world (which is also ours). In the everyday world, names typically have little or no meaning: ‘Alice,’ ‘Emily,’ ‘Jamal,’ ‘Christiano,’ usually do nothing other than denoting an individual. They can certainly have connotations: that’s why there are so many more people called ‘David’ (the heroic king of ancient Israel) than are called ‘Judas’ (the betrayer of Jesus). And we can sometimes infer (though not with perfect certainty) incidental acts about a person from their name: e.g. their sex, their religion (or that of their parents), or their nationality. But names usually tell us little else about their bearers. From the fact that someone is called ‘Grace,’ we can’t infer that they are graceful. Apart from the fact that most proper names are gendered, so parents don’t usually call a boy ‘Josephine’ or a girl ‘William,’ a person can be given pretty much any name from a very long list.   General terms, on the other hand, cannot be applied arbitrarily. The word ‘tree’ can’t be applied to an egg; and the word ‘egg’ can’t mean a tree. That is because words like these, unlike proper names, have a definite meaning. But in Humpty Dumpty’s world, things are the other way round. Proper names must have a meaning, while any ordinary word, as he tells Alice later, means whatever he wants it to mean–that is, he can stick them on things the way we stick names on people. Playing Language Games With Humpty Dumpty Humpty delights in riddles and games. And like many other Lewis Carroll characters, he loves to exploit the difference between the way words are conventionally understood and their literal meaning. Here are a couple of examples.                   ‘Why do you sit out here all alone?’ said Alice†¦..  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘Why, because there’s nobody with me!’ cried Humpty Dumpty.   ‘Did you think I didn’t know the answer to that?’ The joke here stems from the ambiguity of the ‘Why?’ question. Alice means ‘What causes have brought it about that you sit here alone?’ This is the normal way the question is understood. Possible answers might be that Humpty dislikes people, or that his friends and neighbors have all gone away for the day. But he takes the question in a different sense, as asking something like: under what circumstances would we say that you (or anyone) are alone? Since his answer rests on nothing more than the definition of the word ‘alone,’ it is completely uninformative, which is what makes it funny. A second example needs no analysis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘So here’s a question for you{says Humpty].   How old did you say you were?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Alice made a short calculation, and said ‘Seven years and six months.’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘Wrong!’ Humpty Dumpty exclaimed triumphantly.   You never said a word like it.’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘I thought you meant â€Å"How old are you?†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Alice explained.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘If I’d meant that, I’d have said it,’ said Humpty Dumpty. How Do Words Get Their Meaning? The following exchange between Alice and Humpty Dumpty has been cited countless times by philosophers of language:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘†¦and that shows that there are three hundred and sixty-four days when you might get un-birthday presents––‘  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘Certainly,’ said Alice.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘And only one for birthday presents, you know.   There’s glory for you!’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚                  ‘I don’t know what you mean by â€Å"glory†,’ Alice said.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘Humpty Dumpty smiled contemptuously. ‘Of course you don’t–till I tell you.   I meant â€Å"there’s a nice knock-down argument for you!†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘But â€Å"glory† doesn’t mean â€Å"a nice knock-down argument†, Alice objected.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   †˜When I use a word,’ Humpty Dumpty said in rather a scornful tone, ‘it means just what I choose it to mean–neither more nor less.’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘The question is,’ said Alice, ‘whether you can make words mean different things–that’s all.’  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘The question is,’ said Humpty Dumpty, ‘which is to be master–that’s all’ In his Philosophical Investigations (published in 1953), Ludwig Wittgenstein argues against the idea of a â€Å"private language.† Language, he maintains, is essentially social, and words get their meanings from the way they are used by communities of language users. If he is right, and most philosophers think he is, then Humpty’s claim that he can decide for himself what words mean, is wrong. Of course, a small group of people, even just two people, could decide to give words novel meanings.   E.g. Two children could invent a code according to which â€Å"sheep† means â€Å"ice cream† and â€Å"fish† means money. But in that case, it is still possible for one of them to misuse a word and for the other speaker to point out the mistake. But if I alone decide what words mean, it becomes impossible to identify mistaken uses. This is Humpty’s situation if words simply mean whatever he wants them to mean. So Alice’s skepticism about Humpty’s ability to decide for himself what words mean is well-founded.   But Humpty’s response is interesting. He says it comes down to ‘which is to be master.’  Presumably, he means: are we to master language, or is language to master us? This is a profound and complex question. On the one hand, language is a human creation: we didn’t find it lying around, ready-made. On the other hand, each of us is born into a linguistic world and a linguistic community which, whether we like it or not, provides us with our basic conceptual categories, and shapes the way we perceive the world.  Language is certainly a tool that we use for our purposes; but it is also, to use a familiar metaphor, like a house in which we live.

Case study about Verizon wireless issues and possible improovements - 1

About Verizon wireless issues and possible improovements - Case Study Example However, there are several problems with the technologies that Verizon has available that are causing some concern with consumers. In addition, their pricing is well above the average and in the current economy will not encourage consumers to come to their service. Prepaid services are extremely limited and with the number of displaced workers and people who have experienced problems on a financial level, these limitations will hurt their bottom line where increases from alternative forms of service are considered. As well, the iPhone, although a great benefit to the company product line, is currently seeing problems in the way in which consumer groups are rating the product, thus causing problems in promoting the product. As well, AT&T are claiming that they are the only network on which the iPhone can be used for both voice and data at the same time. This deficit in technical capability will hamper the marketing capacity that Verizon has for the product, putting their service in a secondary position. The wireless industry, within the last decade, has taken over the land line industry through increases in product technologies and wireless access technologies. By 2004, the number of minutes used by wireless customers had reached 1 trillion, but in the three years that followed the number doubled to 2.1 trillion. Wireless communications are now used by 80% of the population and exceed 250 million users. The wireless industry invested 24 billion dollars in 2007 and is the resource for employment of 3.4 million Americans. Instant messages are out distancing e-mails as the preferred form of instant communication. The changes in the way in which people communicate through the technologies of wireless and broadband have revolutionized communications in the world (Verizon Wireless, Inc.) In 2007, worldwide revenue for telecommunications through wire line and wireless revenues

Occupational Therapy Assistant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Occupational Therapy Assistant - Essay Example The decision I made has been coupled by a lot of adjustments I have to make in my life so as to be the perfect person I want to be. Being that my occupation involves interaction with people of different ages, I am learning how to handle the old and young patients who might be put under my care. The old need special treatment as well as the young. Since the work as an occupational therapist assistant may mean working in hospitals, outpatient clinics, schools, rehabilitation centers, nursing homes and even mental health facilities, I am currently adapting to different lives and different people. I know it is not a walk in the park working in a mental health facility, but yet again, I understand how much these patients need someone like me to look after them. For this reason, having understood the difficulty involved in working under these conditions, I have trained myself to be adaptable to any circumstances that might be associated with my

Method Of Calculating Shareholder Value Analysis Finance Essay

Method Of Calculating Shareholder Value Analysis Finance Essay This study illustrates the theory, model and method of calculating Shareholder Value Analysis using Alfred Rappaports SVA model. The literature review is the critical relevant work on capital structure. The literature review is focused bonds as a debt instrument. SHAREHOLDER VALUE ANALYSIS (SVA) AstraZeneca Plc. Alfred Rappaport in 1986 coined the term Shareholder Value Analysis. The concept of shareholder value analysis revolves around another concept called Value based management. The procedure for calculating Shareholder Value Analysis is to calculate the present value of the estimated cash flows with the cost of capital. As per Rappaport : Corporate Value = Shareholder value + Debt Shareholder value=Corporate Value- Debt To calculate the shareholder value, the corporate value needs to be calculated first. Corporate value of an entity can be calculated: Present value of cashflows during forecast period + present value of cashflows beyond forecast period To make the answers more precise and reliable, market value of marketable securities and other investments should be included The process of calculating SVA can be graphically depicted as in Figure 1 C17NF006 Figure : Faisal Ahhamad Seven value drivers of shareholder value as described by Rappaport are given below:- Sales growth: Sales is a percentage, based on the trends of previous years, by which sales are expected to increase every year . In the case of AstraZeneca, the sales growth calculated on the basis of the past 5 years from 2006-2010, comes out to be 7%. Thus sales are expected to grow by 7% during the planning horizon. Operating profit margin: Operating margin is the percentage of the selling price which denotes profit. Thus profit margin denotes the percentage of revenues left after deducting all essential costs and overheads. Profit margin for AstraZeneca based on the trend of previous 5 years is 31%. Thus 31% of sales represents profit of the company. Tax: Tax rate is the percentage of your profits which is deducted as tax. HM Revenue and customs shows the tax rate for the year 2011 to be 28%. Based on the average of past trend, I calculated the same figure, ie. 28%. Incremental working capital investment: Incremental working capital represents the increase in the working capital based on the change in the sales. It is represented as percentage of change in sales. For Astra Zeneca the rate of incremental working capital investment is 102% of sales. Incremental Capital Investment: Incremental Capital Investment represents the increase in the fixed assets of the company based on the increase in sales. The ICI is represented as a percentage of sales. For Astra Zeneca the ICI percentage was calculated based on the trend of previous five years. The value of ICI is 1.12 of sales. Required Rate of Return: Required Rate of Return calculated for AstraZeneca is 7.15%. It is the Weighted Average Cost of Capital for AstraZeneca. It is based on the AstraZenecas beta as per the London Business School Risk Management Service Book which was .57 and the current Risk free rate 4.25%. The current Market premium has been taken to be 6% from Glen Arnold. The Require rate of return was calculated using CAPM. Planning Horizon: Planning horizon for the calculation has been taken to be 6 years. The SVA calculated for AstraZeneca =  £37.902 Billion. The real market capitalisation on the day of calculation was  £40.643 Billion The market is overvalued as the SVA of the company is coming to  £37.902 Billion. Critique of the SVA model Shareholder value model like any other model has been criticized for various reasons. SVA is a relatively simple model yet precise in its approach. The major criticism for SVA is that it takes assumptions regarding the trends. For say it assumes that the sales would increase at a constant rate for all years in planning horizon. More over it neglects ICI and IWCI when the values are negative. Therefore the calculation of the SVA cannot be said to be entirely correct. Literature Review of Capital Structure Focussing on Bonds as a source of finance Capital structure in the simplest terms can be described as a combination of various sources of finance that an enterprise uses for acquiring capital. Firms can acquire capital in various forms such as equity and debt. As these can be used in various proportions thus several various combinations or capital structures can exist. Capital structure as an area of academic study gained attention with the work of Modigliani Miller (1958) which concluded that capital structure was irrelevant to the value of a company. This conclusion was constructed on some key assumptions such as a perfect market with perfect knowledge, no taxes and no costs of transaction and that individuals had the capability to borrow at the same rate as big corporations, thus it assumed a high level of uniformity(see Arnold, 2005: pp.958). In 1963 Modigliani and Miller reviewed the conclusion and altered the no-tax assumption, thus changing the conclusion altogether. The new MM theorem suggested that when taxes were taken into consideration, the shareholder value maximization objective would be served with the highest level of gearing. This theorem served as the starting point for most post- 1960 work on capital structure. MM theorem was followed by two more central theories of capital structure known as the Pecking order theory and static trade off theory of capital structure. The earliest version of the Static theory of capital structure is attributed to Kraus and Litzenberger(1973). It suggests that companies choose their gearing levels based on the balance between costs of bankruptcy and the tax benefits derived from such gearing. Thus this theory suggested an optimal level of gearing where transactional and bankruptcy costs would be traded off by tax benefits and no more. Pecking order theory, propounded by Myers and Majluf (1984), on the other hand suggests that companies have a tendency to choose internally generated funds before exercising any other options of financing, followed by external debt leaving equity to be their last resort. Research by Almeida and Campello (2010) suggests a negative relationship between existence of internal funds and tendency to use external funding from debt. The actual prevalence of any of these theories in the real world is still a matter of debate and being tested constantly (Frank and Goyal, 2005; Jong et al, 2011) While the debate about a suitable level of gearing continues, one fact that has gained acceptance that gearing can increase shareholder value and if appropriately used can be a worthy financial tool for companies. This has provided companies with more options to acquire the necessary capital. Debt as an option is now being used by more and more companies as a means of raising finance through public and private placements (Buckley et al, 1998). Companies can acquire debt through various kinds of publicly traded bond instruments or from institutional lenders through term loans and private placements (Berk and DeMarzo, 2011). With the increasing number of options to raise capital, the dilemma of the firm is no more between equity and debt alone but also between what form of debt to use. Issuing of public debt involves high costs, especially fixed costs. Such costs are called floatation costs and are a major factor considered when deciding to raise debt from public (Blackwell and Kidwell, 1998). Smaller firms therefore find the it beyond their resources to carry out such an expensive issue. Thus bigger firms have the size and resources to raise public debt(Krishnaswami et al, 1999; Dennis and Mihov, 2003). Lack of appropriate information is also another major factor considered by investors. Thus any firm information about which is not readily available or verifiable would be subject to suspicion by the investors (Jensen and Meckling, 1976). Taking into consideration the perceived risk when lending to such a firm, the investors would desire a higher rate of return, unless and until they have greater control of and better supervision of the activities of the business. As individual debt holders from the public cannot exercise such close control, they prefer to settle for higher returns. To avoid paying higher interests some companies prefer to borrow from institutional lenders as they have the capability to closely supervise the activities of the firm. Institutional lenders such as banks achieve this by imposing Restrictive Covenants (Diamond, 1984). Such restrictive covenants cannot be imposed by individual owners of public debt instruments. Several different researches have shown that smaller firms, when opting for external debt financing prefer to opt for loans rather than bonds while bigger firms tend to use bonds as the preferred debt instrument(e.g. Krishnaswami et al, 1999; Dennis and Mihov, 2003). Dennis and Mihov(2003) suggest that larger companies with a highly debt geared capital structure may use their leveraging as an indicator of credibility and reputation, thus using it to raise debt from public. This statement is countered by Chemmanur and Fulghieris earlier(1994) statement that high leveraging may be seen as a sign of financial distress and debt renegotiations may become a complication in case debt is raised through public sources. Rao and Edmunds (2001) with regard to restrictive covenants and floating interest rates, state that firms do their shareholders a Disservice by taking private placed debt which comes along with floating interest rates and restrictive covenants. The floating interest rates make the future cash-flows of the firm unstable and the restrictive covenants restrict the growth of the firm, and thus shareholder value, by tying the hands of the management and owners. Smith and Warner(1979) suggest that restrictive covenants involved in privately raised debt may not be worth cost as it the restrictions imposed may discourage management from entering into projects which could have been potentially profitable. Such restrictive covenants and floating rates are usually part and parcel of institutional loans and privately raised debt. Rao and Edmunds(2001) favour bonds which give the firms freedom to operate in favour of the shareholders and to expect stability in their cashflows due to stable intere st rates.Bonds are a preferable form of raising debt publicly as it allows the firm to retain greater flexibility in operations and may turn out to be cheaper than traditional bank or institutional loans. Absolute lack of restrictive covenants can also be abused by the bond issuer at times. Certain situations are discussed as below:- Myers (1977) suggests underinvestment is a major issue for levered high growth business as being highly levered, management in such businesses may let go of positive NPV projects assuming that the returns would not suffice for distribution between the bondholders and stockholders. Myers(1977) further suggests that this problem can be taken care of with dividend covenants which cap the maximum amount of dividend distributable by a company to ensure that free cash flows are not distributed to shareholders, rather they are invested in worthy projects. As levered firms might have a higher tendency to let go of positive NPV projects, putting debt restrictions or debt covenants would help ensure that the firm does not take on more than a certain extent of debt and thus there will be no conflict of interests. Nash et al(2003) describe another situation, where covenants can be of benefit for bond holders, in which the bond issuer can dilute the claim of the bond holders by issuing another taking on more debt and issuing another claim of a higher priority. Under such circumstances the bond holders would be bearing more risk but would still get the interest rate fixed before more debt was acquired by the bond issuer. Certain covenants, which restrict acquisition of more debt or restrict issuing of claims which hold priority over the previous bond holders, can help reduce chances of such claim dilution. Fama and Miller(1972) call such rules as me-first rules. Nash et al(2003) further describes certain situations where the restrictive covenants would turn out to be detrimental for the bond holders themselves. One major drawback of restrictive covenants is the reduction in the flexibility of the management and stockholders. Thus due to restrictive covenants the management and stock holders might decide not to invest in high return projects just to avoid any risk. Such circumstances would lead to sacrifice of growth and thus the firms survival may itself be at stake. Another situation describe by Nash et al(2003) is the scenario where the bond issuing firm may be facing financial distress. Due to lack of operational flexibility and financially restrictive covenants the firm would not be able to generate ample cash flow or arrange external funding and thus would face bankruptcy. Nash et al(2003) and others have suggested certain ways around to cope with the drawbacks of restrictive covenants and to use them constructively. The first such option is the convertibility option. The bond holders should have the option to convert bonds into shares. Mayers(1998) contended that it would allow a level of flexibility to the management of the firm while discouraging the management to transfer any value from the debt holders to the shareholders as such transferred value would be recaptured on conversion of bonds to shares. Next option is to secure the debt with assets. Securing the bonds with tangible assets would provide a sense of security to the bondholders as they would have knowledge of their claim to a specific asset in case of default. Debt priority is another option given by Nash et al(2003) and supported by Fama and Millers(1972) as per their Me first rules. This arrangement would ensure that there is an existing agreement among all claimholders that the bond holders have priority over other claimants and that during the tenure of the bonds no new claimants would be given priority over them. In the end it can be concluded that bonds have certain advantages over other forms of debt like institutional loans and private placements . Such advantages should be capitalised on when considering the option of increasing the debt gearing in the capital structure. That would ensure availability of cheaper finance, increased flexibility and increase in shareholder value.

All Quite on the Western Front

HIST 234 March 21 All Quiet on the Western Front All Quiet on the Western Front is narrated by Paul Baumer. Paul was only a nineteen year old fighting in the German army on the French front with some of his classmates: Albert Kropp, the clearest thinker among them; Muller, a physics-inclined academic; and Leer, who wears full beard and lusty nature for girls. Their friends include Tjaden, a skinny 19-year-old locksmith who love to eat; Haie Westhus a large peat-digger, also 19; Deterring, a married peasant; and Stannislaus Katczinsky their wise and crafty 40-year-old leader.Page 3 they all joined the army voluntarily after listening to the stirring patriotic speeches from their teacher, Kantorek. But after experiencing ten weeks of brutal training at the hands of the petty, cruel Corporal Himmelstoss and the unimaginable brutality of life on the front, Paul and his friends have realized that the ideals of nationalism and patriotism for which they enlisted are simply empty line. They no longer believe that war is glorious or honorable, because they live in constant physical terror.At the very beginning of the book Erich Maria Remarque says â€Å"This book is to be neither an accusation nor a confession, and least of all an adventure, for death is not an adventure to those who stand face to face with it. It will try simply to tell of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped shells, were destroyed by the war. † Page 0 This novel does not focus on daring stories of bravery, but rather gives a view of the conditions in which the soldiers find themselves. According to the writer â€Å"no one has the vaguest idea what we are in for. The wisest were just poor and simple people.They knew the war to be a misfortune. † page 11 The monotony between battles, the constant threat of artillery fire and bombardments, the young soldiers struggle to find food and the lack of training of young recruits meaning lower chances of survival. In the novel the author writes â€Å"our early life is cut off from the moment we came here and that without our lifting a hand† page 19. The young soldiers would often look back and try to find explanation but never quite succeed, since they consider themselves young and extraordinary vague because they were in the 20’s they only had their parents and maybe a girl, hich was not consider too much influences. Whereas older men have a strong background that cannot be destroy, they linked to various life for example they had a family, wife, children, occupations, interest and a background which was strong, which means that war cannot destroy their memory of family. During the war soldiers spent their time on the front line, in an infantryman and in front line trenches. The working conditions became very predictable since it was spent mostly in the trenches. Soldiers recall the boredom of life in the dreary, lice-ridden, diseases spreading, muddy and dusty trenches.The writer describe s the unsanitary conditions of life at the front as Tjaden, tired of killing lice one by one, scrapes them off his skin into a boot-polish tin. He kills them by heating the tin with a flame. Haie’s lice have red crosses on their heads, and he jokes that he got them at a hospital where they attended the surgeon general. Paul remembers he and his friends were embarrassed to use the general latrines when they were recruits but now they find them a luxury. With Behm’s death, Paul and his classmates lost their innocent trust in authority figures such as Kantorek.Kantorek writes a letter to them filled with the empty phrases of patriotic fervor, calling them â€Å"Iron Youth† and glorifying their heroism. The men reflect that they once idolized Kantorek but now despise him; they blame him for pushing them into the army and exposing them to the horror of war. They would wake up middle of the night by hearing loud booms. According to Paul he believed that they â€Å"ha ve lost their senses of other consideration because they are artificial since only the facts are real and important to them.Page 21 As Paul sits with Kemmerich who knew his leg has been amputated, he tries to cheer him up, but Kemmerich is convinced he will die, Paul has seen friends die before, but growing up with Kemmerich makes life harder, the orderlies were not helpful, and when they return, Kemmerich has died. Paul collects his things and they remove the body to free up the bed for more wounded. As younger soldiers arrived, Paul and his friends feel like mature veterans. Paul believes every company has one or two resourceful people, but Kat, a cobbler by trade, is the smartest he knows. Page 37.Paul is glad to be his friend, and tells a story to illustrate his strength as a leader. For example Kat, bunking in a small, ravaged factory one night, Kat finding straw for the men to sleep on, and when they are hungry with no food, Kat goes off again and returns with bread and horse- flesh without providing an explanation. page 37 It was assumed that Kat's sixth sense help locating food and his special talent. As men return from the fronts, they see the shells shattered and coffins pilled by the dozens, however they made jokes in order to distance themselves from the unpleasant knowledge that coffin are made for them.Their first front was completely demolished by a direct hit and the second only to discover it has been buried. Captured Russian soldiers, who are reduced to picking through the German soldiers’ garbage for food, which means there might not be any food in the garbage. Food is so scarce that everything is eaten. Looking at the Russian soldiers, Paul can scarcely believe that these men with honest peasant faces are the enemy. Since nothing about them suggests that he is fundamentally different from them or that he should have any reason to want to kill them.Many of the Russians are slowly starving, and they are stricken with dysentery in large numbers. But most people simply ignore the prisoners begging, and a few even kick them. When Paul returns to the front, he finds Kat, Muller, Tjaden, and Kropp still alive and uninjured. He shares his potato cakes with them. There is excitement among the ranks: the Kaiser, the emperor of Germany, is coming to see the army. In preparation for his visit, everything is cleaned thoroughly, and all the soldiers are given new clothes.But when the Kaiser arrives, Paul and the others are disappointed to see that he is not a very remarkable man. After he leaves, the new clothes are taken away. Paul and his friends muse that if a certain thirty people in the world had said â€Å"no† to the war, it would not have happened. They conclude that wars are useful only for leaders who want to be in history books. During the Great War millions men lost their lives in one of the greatest acts of barbarity the world has ever seen. The heroism and sacrifice of troops in the trenches is probably wi thout parallel.The pretexts for execution for British soldiers had a common theme: many were suffering shell shock or now recognized as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Most of those men were young, defenseless and vulnerable teenagers who had volunteered for duty. Millions of men lost their lives fighting for war and millions of men came home without a leg, an arm, or blind, or deaf, or mentally broken due to the things they had to live through in the trenches. Others had their lives cut short through the effects of poison gas, and injuries due to blast, with collapsed lungs.While others came home whole in body, appearing normal, but with such serious nervous and mental conditions that they could not work, and were confined to mental hospitals for the rest of their lives. It should be noted that most, especially on the Allied side, later believed the war to have been worthless. Technological and military innovations such as poison gas, the machine gun, and trench warfare revolutioni zed combat during World War I, and Remarque effectively dramatizes how these innovations made the war bloodier, longer, and more costly.In almost every case, military innovations make the soldiers’ lives more dangerous, while medical innovations lag increasingly far behind. Kemmerich, for instance, dies from complications from a relatively light wound. Glory and patriotism cease to be rational ideals in the conflict because advanced technology limits the effect that an individual soldier can have on the conflict and alienates him from the consequences of his actions. Life and death thus become meaningless.

Inmate Tattoos - 2493 Words

Police Corruption The law enforcement role has authority and power in any society, and often that power is combined with the ability to make discretionary decisions that may profoundly affect the lives of the people in the community. With abundant power and authority, the temptation for corruption occurs. Police corruption is one major type of police misconduct, and has been known throughout history. According to Pollock (2012), â€Å"police corruption does not occur just in the United States (p. 175). It is well known that in Mexico many officers are corrupt. In Mexico, police officers are induced and even coerced to collaborate with different drug dealers throughout the country (Pollock, 2012). This paper†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, the streets are much safer and accidents can be avoided if the law is strictly and fairly forced. Graft Graft occurs when officers exploit their role by accepting bribes or money in exchange for protection (Pollock, 2012). Corrupt officers, for example, may use their uniformed authority to ask for money from business owners or gangsters, with the implied threat of enforcement or difficulty in conducting business as usual. Another police corruption pattern occurs when some police officers engage criminal activities during their daily tasks until they change their career positions from police to criminal cops (Pollock, 2012). On-Duty Use Alcohol and Drugs and Sexual Misconduct It is no secret that some officers use alcohol and drugs while on duty. Although undercover officers are more likely to use alcohol and drugs on duty, the on-duty use of drugs and alcohol may be found in the deviant behavior of regular patrol officers. Addiction to drugs and alcohol are potential sources of law enforcement misconduct and corruption. It sets a bad example for public relations. It will certainly affect judgment, and possibly lead to a greater likelihood of use of deadly force or officer-involved traffic accidents. 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Connie Is Amidst An Immature Disobedience - 1270 Words

The fifteen year old protagonist of the story, Connie is amidst an immature disobedience. She contends with her mom and sister, June, and dismisses family life for investigating young men at the neighborhood eatery. She tries to seem more established and shrewder than she is, and her head is loaded with fantasies and prevalent music that sustain her thoughts of sentiment and affection. At the point when Arnold Friend touches base at Connie’s home, she should face the cruel substances of adulthood, which look to some extent like her dreams. Connie rejects the part of being a little girl, sister and ‘pleasant’ young lady to develop her sexual persona, which prospers just when she is far from her home and family. She ridicules her unattractive more established sister, June, and is in consistent clash with her family. Her worries are normally pre-adult: she fixates on her looks, listens to music, hangs out with her companions, flirts with young men, and investigates h er sexuality. She enjoys the way that younger and even older men find her appealing. Connie has developed a specific way of dressing, walking, and laughing that make her sexually engaging, in spite of the fact that these idiosyncrasies are just brief affectations. She acts one way in her home and a completely different way when she is somewhere else. â€Å"Everything about her had two sides to it, one for home and one for anywhere that was not home: her walk, which could be childlike and bobbing, or languid enough to